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Urinary bladder: eversion and prolapse
Introduction
This is a rare occurrence in cattle.
- Cause: late gestation in conjunction with vaginal prolapse, or following prolonged tenesmus, eg parturition.
- Signs: bladder mucosa everts through urethral orifice or through a tear in the vaginal mucosa.
- Diagnosis: clinical signs.
- Treatment: replace under epidural anesthesia.
- Prognosis: guarded.
Presenting signs
- History of prolonged tenesmus.
- Mass or swelling protruding from vulva.
Pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
- True bladder eversion occurs through the urethral orifice.
- Bladder prolapse usually occurs following a laceration in the wall of the vagina during parturition, generally due to prolonged tenesmus.
- The prolapsed bladder generally fills with urine.
- Bladder prolapse can also be associated with grade II and III vaginal prolapse.
Timecourse
- Hours to days.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed Papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Azawi O I D M & Al-Hyani O H (2012) Vaginal and cervical prolapse complicated with herniation of urinary bladder in a cow: a case report. Asian Pacific J Repro 1 (3), 231–32.
- Miesner, Matt D & Anderson D (2008) "Management of uterine and vaginal prolapse in the bovine". Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (2), 409–19.
Other sources of information
- Divers & Thomas J (2008) Chapter 10 - Urinary Tract Diseases. In: Rebhun’s Diseases of Dairy Cattle. 2nd edn. Eds: Thomas J Divers & Simon F Peek. W B. Saunders, USA. pp 447–66.