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Rafoxanide

ISSN 2398-2993

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Introduction

Name

  • Rafoxanide.

Class of drug

  • Salicylanilide.

Description

Chemical name

  • N-(3-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide.

Molecular formula

  • C19H11Cl2I2NO3.

Molecular weight

  • 626.01.

Physical properties

  • Fluid formulation usually a white (oral) or yellow-brown (injectable).
  • Powder formulations, which are not licensed for use in animals, are available usually grey-yellow in color with a melting point of ~158oC/316.4oF.

Storage requirements

Uses

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Administration

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Pharmacokinetics

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Precautions

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Withdrawal Periods

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Adverse Reactions

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Further Reading

Publications

Refereed Papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Fairweather I, Brennan G P, Hanna R E B, Robinson M W & Skuce P J (2020) Drug resistance in liver flukes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 12, 39-59 PubMed.
  • Howell A K & Williams D J L (2020) The epidemiology and control of liver flukes in cattle and sheep. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 36 (1), 109-123 PubMed.
  • Stubbings L, Williams D & Hart N (2019) Rafoxanide is not an appropriate alternative to closantel. Vet Rec 185 (20), 633-634 PubMed
  • Power C, Danaher M, Sayers R et al (2013) Investigation of the persistence of rafoxanide residues in bovine milk and fate during processing. Food Addit Contam - Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 30 (6), 1087-1095 PubMed.
  • Mitchell G (2002) Update on fasciolosis in cattle and sheep. In Pract 24 (7), 378-385 VetMedResource
  • Fairweather I & Boray J C (1999) Fasciolicides: efficacy, actions, resistance and its management. Vet J 158 (2), 81-112 PubMed
  • Swan G E (1999) The pharmacology of halogenated Salicylanilides and their anthelmintic use in animals. J S Afr Vet Assoc 70 (2), 61-70 PubMed.
  • Martin R J (1997) Modes of action of anthelmintic drugs. Vet J 154 (1), 11-34 PubMed
  • Rapic D, Dzakula N, Sakar D & Richards R (1988) Comparative efficacy of triclabendazole, nitroxynil and rafoxanide against immature and mature Fasciola hepatica in naturally infected cattle. Vet Rec 122 (3), 59-62 VetMedResource
  • Razafindrakoto C, Ranaivoson A & Megard J P (1978) Efficacy of rafoxanide injections against adult Fasciola gigantica in zebu cattle in Madagascar. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 31 (2), 165-169 PubMed

Other sources of information

  • Deplazes P, Eckert J, Mathias A, von Samson-Himmelstjerna & Zahner H (2016) Helminths and Principles of Therapy and Control. In: Parasitology in Veterinary Medicine. Wageningen Academic Publishers. pp 175-186, 191-197, 224-254, 287-302, 303-312, 556-572.
  • Taylor M A, Coop R L & Wall R L (2007) Veterinary Helminthology from Cattle, Sheep and Resistance Sections. In: Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd edn. Blackwell Science. pp 51-91, 152-212, 770-775.
  •  National Office of Animal Health (NOAH) Compendium of Data Sheets for Animal Medicines. Available at: www.noahcompendium.co.uk.
  • The NOAH Compendium. Datasheets of licensed veterinary medicines. Available at: https://www.noahcompendium.co.uk.
  • Veterinary Medicines Directorate. Adverse Reaction Reporting. Available at: https://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk.
  • Veterinary Medicines Directorate. Questions and Answers on FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Available at:  https://www.noahcompendium.co.uk/home.

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