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Neospora caninum

ISSN 2398-2993


Introduction

Classification

Taxonomy

  • Phylum: Apicomplexa.
  • Family: Sarcocystidae.
  • Genus: Neospora.

Etymology

  • Neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite that was identified as a species in 1988.

Distribution

  • Worldwide: every country that has investigated the presence of N. caninum has observed the parasite or its antibody response.

Significance

  • N. caninum is an important cause of bovine Abortion Abortion.

Active Forms

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Resting Forms

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Clinical Effects

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Diagnosis

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Further Reading

Publications

Refereed Papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Goodswen S J, Kennedy P J & Ellis J T (2013) A review of the infection, genetics, and evolution of Neospora caninum: from the past to the present. Infect Genet Evol 13, 133-50 PubMed.
  • Reichel M P, Ayanegui-Alcérreca M, Gondim L F P & Elllis J T (2013) What is the global economic impact of Neospora caninum in cattle – The billion dollar question. Int J Parasit 43, 133-142 PubMed.
  • Bartley P M, Wright S E, Zimmer I A, Roy S, Kitchener A C et al (2013) Detection of Neospora caninum in wild carnivorans in Great Britain. Vet Parasi 192 (1-3), 279-83 PubMed.
  • (2013) Northern Ireland disease surveillance report: Northern Ireland disease surveillance, January to March 2013. Vet Rec 172, 657-658.
  • Dubey J P & Schares G (2011) Neosporosis in animals--the last five years. Vet Parasitol 180, 90-108 PubMed.
  • Rosbottom A, Gibney H, Kaiser P, Hartley C, Smith R F et al (2011) Up regulation of the maternal immune response in the placenta of cattle naturally infected with Neospora caninum. PLoS One 6 (1) PubMed.
  • Brickell J S, McGowan M M & Wathes D C (2010) Association between Neospora caninum seropositivity and perinatal mortality in dairy heifers at first calving. Vet Rec 167 (3), 82-85 PubMed.
  • Lyon C (2010) Update on the diagnosis and management of Neospora caninum infections in dogs. Topics in companion animal medicine 25, 170-175 PubMed.
  • Almería S, López-Gatius F, García-Ispiert I, Nogareda C, Bech-Sàbat G et al (2009) Effects of crossbreed pregnancies on the abortion risk of Neospora caninum-infected dairy cows. Vet Parasitol 163 (4), 323-329 PubMed.
  • Hughes J M, Thomasson D, Craig P S, Georgin S, Pickles A & Hide G (2008) Neospora caninum: detection in wild rabbits and investigation of co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii by PCR analysis. Exp Parasitol 120 (3), 255-60 PubMed.
  • McCann C M, Vyse A J, Salmon R L, Thomas D, Williams D J et al (2008) Lack of serologic evidence of Neospora caninum in humans, England. Emerg Infect Dis 14 (6), 978-80 PubMed.
  • Woodbine K A, Medley G F, Moore S J, Ramirez-Villaescusa A, Mason S & Green L E (2008) A four year longitudinal sero-epidemiology study of Neospora caninum in adult cattle from 114 cattle herds in south west England: associations with age, herd and dam-offspring pairs. BMC Vet Res 4 (35) PubMed.
  • Gibney E H A, Kipar A, Rosbottom C S, Guy R F, Smith U et al (2008) The extent of parasite-associated necrosis in the placenta and foetal tissues of cattle following Neospora caninum infection in early and late gestation correlates with foetal death. Int J Para 38 (5), 579-588 PubMed.
  • Tiwari A, Vanleeuwen J A, Dohoo I R, Keefe G P, Haddad J P et al (2007) Production effects of pathogens causing bovine leukosis, bovine viral diarrhea, paratuberculosis, and neosporosis. J Dairy Sci 90 (2), 659-69 PubMed.
  • Wapenaar W, Barkema H W, O'Handley R M & Bartels C J (2007) Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in bulk milk to estimate the prevalence of Neospora caninum on dairy farms in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Can Vet J 48 (5), 493-9 PubMed.
  • Bartels C J, van Schaik G, Veldhuisen J P, van den Borne B H, Wouda W & Dijkstra T (2006) Effect of Neospora caninum-serostatus on culling, reproductive performance and milk production in Dutch dairy herds with and without a history of Neospora caninum-associated abortion epidemics. Prev Vet Med 77 (3-4), 186-98 PubMed.
  • Milne E, Crawshaw M, Brocklehurst S, Wright S, Maley S & Innes E (2006) Associations between Neospora caninum specific antibodies in serum and milk in two dairy herds in Scotland. Prev Vet Med 77 (1-2), 31-47 PubMed.
  • Lobato J, Silva D A, Mineo T W, Amaral J D, Segundo G R et al (2006) Detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to Neospora caninum in humans: high seropositivity rates in patients who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus or have neurological disorders. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13 (1), 84-9.
  • Hughes J M, Williams R H, Morley E K, Cook D A N, Terry R S et al (2006) The prevalence of Neospora caninum and co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii by PCR analysis in naturally occurring mammal populations. Parasitology 132 (1), 29-36 PubMed.
  • Hamilton C M, Gray R, Wright S E, Gangadharan B, Laurenson K et al (2005) Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from around the UK. Vet Parasitol 130, 169-173 PubMed.
  • Boyd S P, Barr P A, Brooks H W & Orr J P (2005) Neosporosis in a young dog presenting with dermatitis and neuromuscular signs. JSAP 46 (2), 85-8 PubMed.
  • Podell M (2002) Inflammatory myopathies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 32, 147-167 PubMed.
  • Schock A, Buxton D, Spence J A, Low J C & Baird A (2000) Histopathological survey of aborted bovine fetuses in Scotland with special reference to Neospora caninum. Vet Rec 147 (24), 687-8 PubMed.
  • Davison H C, French N P & Trees A J (1999) Herd-specific and age-specific seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in 14 British dairy herds. Vet Rec 144 (20), 547-50 PubMed.
  • Moen A R, Wouda W, Mul M F, Graat E A M & van Werven T (1998) Increased risk of abortion following Neospora caninum abortion outbreaks: a retrospective and prospective cohort study in four dairy herds. Theriogenology 49, 1301-1309 PubMed.
  • Barber J S, Gasser R B, Ellis J, Reichel M P, McMillan D et al (1997) Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in different canid populations. J Parasitol 83 (6), 1056-8 VetMedResource.
  • Buxton D, Caldow G L, Maley S W, Marks J & Innes E A (1997) Neosporosis and bovine abortion in Scotland. Vet Rec 141 (25), 649-51 PubMed.
  • Simpson V R, Monies R J, Riley P & Cromey D S (1997) Foxes and neosporosis. Vet rec 141 (19), 503.
  • Lathe C L (1994) Neospora caninum in British dogs. Vet Rec 134 (20), 532 PubMed.
  • Trees A J, Guy F, Tennant B J, Balfour A H & Dubey J P (1993) Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in a population of urban dogs in England. Vet Rec 132 (6), 125-6 PubMed.

Other sources of information

Organisation(s)

  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK.