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Wry nose
Synonym(s): congenital autosomal recessive nasal jaw alignment
Introduction
- Cause: intrauterine position, hereditary, environmental, and nutritional factors have been postulated to be involved in disease etiology.
- Signs: congenital condition with facial deformity, including deviation of the nasal septum and malalignment of the jaw.
- Diagnosis: clinical signs consistent with disease, diagnostic imaging, endoscopy.
- Treatment: mildly affected individuals require no treatment. Severely affected animals should be euthanized on welfare grounds.
- Prognosis: poor.
Presenting signs
- Wry nose is a congenital anomaly with severe malformation of the head seen in calves and other domestic species.
- It is present from birth with affected individuals having malformation of the nasal septum and malalignment of the jaw Wry nose.
- Inspiratory and expiratory stridor are often present secondary to profound airway obstruction Wry nose close up.
Acute presentation
- Wry nose is a complex congenital deformity of the incisive, maxillary, nasal and vomer bones causing an obvious lateral deviation of the rostral nasal tissues and upper jaw.
Geographic incidence
- Worldwide.
Age predisposition
- Wry nose is a congenital condition.
Cost considerations
- Financial losses attributable to euthanasia of animals on welfare grounds.
Special risks
- Severely affected animals will have significant airway obstruction resulting in increased anesthetic risk.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Wry nose is considered to be a congenital condition of the most rostral aspects of the incisive bones.
Predisposing factors
General
- Wry nose is a hereditary condition.
- Intrauterine malposition and environmental and nutritional factors have been postulated to be involved such as hypovitaminosis A Vitamins: overview and ingestion of toxic plants Allium spp toxicity Bluebell (glycoside) poisoning Foxglove toxicity Lupine poisoning Mistletoe poisoning Oleander poisoning Rhododendron poisoning Yew poisoning.
Specific
- An autosomal recessive gene has been ascribed to causing the condition.
Pathophysiology
- Affected individuals have a deviation in the rostral maxilla which results in the upper jaw and nose deviating to one side
Timecourse
- Wry nose is a congenital condition and as such, is present from birth.
- Animals are affected for life.
Epidemiology
- Wry nose is a rarely encountered condition in bovines.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed Papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Abelhakeim M A H & Elrashidya M H (2017) Retrospective study of the congenital anomalies of the axial and appendicular skeleton in cow calves. Assiut Vet Med J 63 (153), 88-99 ResearchGate.
- Des Bowes R M & Gaughan E M (1998) Congenital diseases of horses. Vet Clin Eq Prac 14 (2), 273-289 PubMed.
- Tremaine H (1997) Dental care in horses. In Pract 19 (4), 186–199 WileyOnline.
Other sources of information
- Blowey R W & Weaver A D (2011) Congenital Disorders. In: Color Atlas of Diseases and Disorders of Cattle. 3rd edn. Elsevier Ltd, UK. pp 1-11.