Anaplasma spp in Cows (Bovis) | Vetlexicon
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Anaplasma spp

ISSN 2398-2993


Introduction

Classification

Taxonomy

  • Phylum: proteobacteria.
  • Class: alphaproteobacteria.
  • Order: rickettsiales.
  • Family: anaplasmataceae.
  • Genus: anaplasma.

Etymology

  • Gk.
    • An- without.
    • Plasma- anything formed or molded.
    • Literally: a thing (a bacterium) without form!
      • A phagocytophilum:
        • Phagein- to eat up, devour.
        • Phylum- friend, loving.
        • Literally: attractive to phagocytes.

Distribution

  • The geographical distribution of Anaplasma bovis includes Africa, Middle East, Asia and South America.
  • The geographical distribution of Anaplasma marginale is worldwide.
  • The geographical distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum is worldwide.
  • Has been recognised in cattle for over 200 years.

Significance

  • Species of Anaplasma include:
    • A. bovis.
    • A. marginale.
    • A. ovis.
    • A. phagocytophilum.
    • A. platys.
  • The most significant species for cattle are:
    • A. bovis.
    • A. marginale.
    • A. phagocytophilum.
  • Hosts include cattle (A. bovis), ruminants (A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum) and ticks (A. bovis, A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum).
  • A. phagocytophilum is also a Zoonotic Zoonotic.
  • A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum cause latent infections (up to 2 years).
  • Obligate intracellular pathogens.
  • Causes systemic disease.

Active Forms

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Resting Forms

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Clinical Effects

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Diagnosis

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Further Reading

Publications

Refereed Papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Brown W C & Barbet A F (2016) Persistent Infections and Immunity in Ruminants to Arthropod-Borne Bacteria in the Family Anaplasmataceae. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 4, 177-197 PubMed.
  • (2016) Tickborne fever associated with abortion outbreak in dairy cows. Vet Rec 179 (8), 189-92.
  • Atif F A (2015) Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum: Rickettsiales pathogens of veterinary and public health significance. Parasitol Res 114 (11), 3941-3957 PubMed.
  • Aubry P & Geale D W (2011) A review of bovine anaplasmosis. Transbound Emerg Dis 58 (1), 1-30 PubMed.
  • Woldehiwet Z (2006) Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ruminants in Europe. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078, 446-60 PubMed.
  • Kocan K M, De La Fuente J, Blouin E F & Garcia-Garcia J C (2002) Adaptations of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma marginale, for survival in cattle and ticks. Exp Appl Acarol 28 (1-4), 9-25 PubMed.
  • Savini G, Conte A, Semproni G & Scaramozzino P (1999) Tick-borne diseases in ruminants of Central and Southern Italy: epidemiology and case reports. Parassitologia 1, 95-100 PubMed.