bovis - Articles
Anaplasma spp
Introduction
Classification
Taxonomy
- Phylum: proteobacteria.
- Class: alphaproteobacteria.
- Order: rickettsiales.
- Family: anaplasmataceae.
- Genus: anaplasma.
Etymology
- Gk.
- An- without.
- Plasma- anything formed or molded.
- Literally: a thing (a bacterium) without form!
- A phagocytophilum:
- Phagein- to eat up, devour.
- Phylum- friend, loving.
- Literally: attractive to phagocytes.
- A phagocytophilum:
Distribution
- The geographical distribution of Anaplasma bovis includes Africa, Middle East, Asia and South America.
- The geographical distribution of Anaplasma marginale is worldwide.
- The geographical distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum is worldwide.
- Has been recognised in cattle for over 200 years.
Significance
- Species of Anaplasma include:
- A. bovis.
- A. marginale.
- A. ovis.
- A. phagocytophilum.
- A. platys.
- The most significant species for cattle are:
- A. bovis.
- A. marginale.
- A. phagocytophilum.
- Hosts include cattle (A. bovis), ruminants (A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum) and ticks (A. bovis, A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum).
- A. phagocytophilum is also a Zoonotic Zoonotic.
- A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum cause latent infections (up to 2 years).
- Obligate intracellular pathogens.
- Causes systemic disease.
Active Forms
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Resting Forms
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Clinical Effects
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Diagnosis
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed Papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Brown W C & Barbet A F (2016) Persistent Infections and Immunity in Ruminants to Arthropod-Borne Bacteria in the Family Anaplasmataceae. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 4, 177-197 PubMed.
- (2016) Tickborne fever associated with abortion outbreak in dairy cows. Vet Rec 179 (8), 189-92.
- Atif F A (2015) Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum: Rickettsiales pathogens of veterinary and public health significance. Parasitol Res 114 (11), 3941-3957 PubMed.
- Aubry P & Geale D W (2011) A review of bovine anaplasmosis. Transbound Emerg Dis 58 (1), 1-30 PubMed.
- Woldehiwet Z (2006) Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ruminants in Europe. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078, 446-60 PubMed.
- Kocan K M, De La Fuente J, Blouin E F & Garcia-Garcia J C (2002) Adaptations of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma marginale, for survival in cattle and ticks. Exp Appl Acarol 28 (1-4), 9-25 PubMed.
- Savini G, Conte A, Semproni G & Scaramozzino P (1999) Tick-borne diseases in ruminants of Central and Southern Italy: epidemiology and case reports. Parassitologia 1, 95-100 PubMed.