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Mycoplasma wenyonii
Synonym(s): M. wenyonii, Eperythrozoon wenyonii
Podcast: Mycoplasma wenyonii
Introduction
Classification
Taxonomy
- Class: Mollicutes.
- Order: Mycoplasmatales.
- Family: Mycoplasmataceae.
- Genus: Mycoplasma.
- Species: wenyonii.
- Formerly known as Eperythrozoon wenyonii.
- Other clinically significant members of this group include:
- Mycoplasma suis which affects pigs.
- Mycoplasma haemofelis which affects cats.
- Although thought to be host-specific, some species have been reported to be zoonotic.
Etymology
- Gk: myco - fungus; plasma - form; mycoplasma - a fungus form.
Distribution
- Worldwide: a second bovine haemoplasma, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, has been reported in Switzerland, Germany, China and Japan.
- United States: a 2021 study of 2521 cattle in Wisconsin herds and 591 cattle from Michigan herds found M. wenyonii to be endemic in these states.
Significance
- M. wenyonii is an incompletely understood organism which might contribute to a range of clinical signs.
- M. wenyonii was first identified in a splenectomized calf in 1934.
- A seasonal pattern has been observed in the UK, with most cases occurring in dairy cows during late summer and early autumn.
- Arthropods and events involving blood contact are suspected to be involved in transmission. Needles, rectal examination, castration, disbudding, dehorning, fighting, external parasites and wounds are all potential routes of infection. A herd outbreak of M. wenyonii has been reported following herd-wide Bluetongue Bluetongue vaccination.
- Disease in dairy cows tends to be relatively minor and self-limiting, but infection of stock bulls could have significant effects on male fertility.
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Resting Forms
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Clinical Effects
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Diagnosis
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed Papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Schambow et al (2021) Apparent prevalence of Mycoplasma wenyonii, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos and bovine leukemia virus in Winsconsin and Michigan dairy cattle herds. JDS Comms 2 (2), 61-66 SciDirect.
- Ade J, Niethammer F, Schade B et al (2018) Quantitative analysis of Mycoplasma wenyonii and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' infections in cattle using novel gapN-based realtime PCR assays. Vet Microbiol 220, 1-6 PubMed.
- McFadden A, Ha H J, Donald J J et al (2016) Investigation of bovine haemoplasmas and their association with anaemia in New Zealand cattle. N Z Vet J 64 (1), 65-68 PubMed.
- Gladden N (2015) A case report of Mycoplasma wenyonii associated immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in a dairy cow. Cattle Pract 23 (2), 202.
- Gladden N (2015) A case report of Mycoplasma wenyonii associated immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in a dairy cow. Cattle practice 23 (2), 202.
- Hoelzle K, Winkler M, Kramer M M et al (2011) Detection of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos in cattle with anaemia. Vet J 187, 408-410 PubMed.
- Strugnell B W, McAuliffe L, Longmire K & Ellis-Iverson J (2010) Mycoplasma wenyonii associated with clinical signs in milking dairy cows after herd-wide bluetongue vaccination. Cattle Pract 19, 75-81.
- Yuan C L, Liang A B, Yao C B et al (2009) Prevalence of Mycoplasma suis (Eperythrozoon suis) infection in swine and swine-farm workers in Shanghai, China. Am J Vet Res 70, 890-894 PubMed.
- dos Santosi A P, dose Santos R P, Biondo A W et al (2008) Hemoplasma infection in HIV-positive patient, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 14, 1922-1924 PubMed.
- Scott R (2008) Distal hind limb and udder oedema of dairy cattle associated with an unidentified haemotrophic bacterium with microscopic characteristics of Mycoplasma (formerly Eperythrozoon) wenyonii. Cattle Pract 16, 50-53.
- McAuliffe L, Lawes J, Bell S et al (2006) The detection of Mycoplasma (formerly Eperythrozoon) wenyonii by 16S rDNA PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Vet Microbiol 117, 292-296 PubMed.
- Hofmann-Lehmann R, Meli M L, Dreher U M et al (2004) Concurrent infections with vector-borne pathogens associated with fatal hemolytic anemia in a cattle herd in Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol 42, 3775-3780 PubMed.
- Welles E G, Tyler J W & Wolfe D F (1995a) Haematologic and semen quality changes in bulls with experimental Eperythrozoon infection. Theriogenology 43, 427-437 PubMed.
- Welles E G, Tyler J W & Wolfe D F & Moore A (1995b) Eperythrozoon infection in young bulls with scrotal and hindlimb edema, a herd outbreak. Theriogenology 43, 557-567 PubMed.
- Montes A J, Wolfe D F, Welles E G, Tyler J W & Tepe E (1994) Infertility associated with Eperythrozoon wenyonii infection in a bull. JAVMA 204, 261-263 PubMed.
- Kawaku S, Nakamura Y, Kamio T et al (1990) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Eperythrozoon wenyonii in cattle. Jap J Vet Sci 52, 1297-1300.
- Smith J A, Thrall M A, Smith J L et al (1990) Eperythrozoon wenyonii infection in dairy cattle. JAVMA 196, 1244-1250 PubMed.
- Quinlan J F (1985) Suspected Eperythrozoonosis in dairy cows. Ir Vet J 39, 27.
- Sutton R H, Charleston, W A G & Collins G H (1977) Eperythrozoon wenyonii – a blood parasite of cattle. A first report in New Zealand. NZ
Vet J 25, 8-9. - Poole D B R, Cutler R S, Kelly W R & Collins J D (1976) Eperythrozoon wenyoni anaemia in cattle. Vet Rec 99, 481.
- Kreifer J P & Ristic M (1963) Morphologic, antigenic and pathogenic characteristics of Eperythrozoon ovis and Eperythrozoon wenyoni. Am J Vet Res 24, 488-500.