Salmonella spp
Synonym(s): enterobacteriaceae
Introduction
Classification
Taxonomy
- Family: enterobacteriaceae.
- Genus: salmonella.
Etymology
- Genus discovered by American biologist, Theobald Smith; named after his laboratory chief and co-author, D E Salmon.
Distribution
- Worldwide.
- There are more than 2500 serotypes in the genus Salmonella.
- Salmonellae of veterinary importance generally belong to the S. enterica subspecies enterica and infect many mammals, birds and reptiles.
- Salmonella Dublin is the most commonly isolated salmonella serovar in the UK. It causes many clinical effects in cattle, including terminal dry gangrene and bone lesions. Other clinical manifestations include enteric disease, septicemia, abortion and osteomyelitis.
- Salmonella Mbandaka is the second most commonly isolated serovar from cattle in the UK. S Mbandaka can be found in the feces of healthy animals but can also cause disease, most commonly diarrhea.
- Salmonella Typhimurium is the third most commonly isolated serovar in UK cattle.
Significance
- Reservoir of organism is gastrointestinal tract of warm- and cold-blooded animals.
- Most infected animals become subclinical excretors.
- Organisms may survive for months in moist soil, vegetation and water; found in animal and human foods, particularly containing milk, egg or meat-derived products.
- After ingestion, organism adheres to target cells of distal small intestine → may cause diarrhea and/or septicemia.
Active Forms
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Resting Forms
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Clinical Effects
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Diagnosis
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Blanchard P C (2012) Diagnostics of dairy and beef cattle diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 28 (3), 443-64 PubMed.
- Costa L F, Paixão T A, Tsolis R M, Bäumler A J & Santos R L (2012) Salmonellosis in cattle: advantages of being an experimental model. Res Vet Sci 93 (1), 1-6 PubMed.
- Foster D M & Smith G W (2009) Pathophysiology of diarrhea in calves. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 25 (1), 13-36 PubMed.
- Mohler V L, Izzo M M, House J K (2009) Salmonella in calves. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 25 (1), 37-54 PubMed.
- Methner U (2005) Situation of bovine salmonellosis in Germany from 1995-2003 according to the data from the National Animal Disease Reporting System. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 118 (11-12), 449-55 PubMed.
- Lax A J, Barrow P A, Jones P W & Wallis T S (1995) Current perspectives in salmonellosis. Br Vet J 151 (4), 351-377 PubMed.
- Vanduijkeren E et al (1994) Equine salmonellosis in a Dutch veterinary teaching hospital.Vet Rec 135 (11), 248-250 PubMed.
- Potter M E (1992) The changing face of foodbourne disease. JAVMA 201 (2), 250-252 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Waine K, Busin V & Strugnell B (2019) Getting the Most out of On-Farm Post-Mortems: A Guide for Veterinary Surgeons. AHDB, UK. Website: https://ahdb.org.uk.
- APHA (2022) GB Cattle Quarterly Report. Disease surveillance and emerging threats. Vol 32 (Q2). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1101662/Quarterly_GB_cattle_disease_surveillance_and_emerging_threats_report_April_to_June_2022.pdf
- SRUC The Scottish Government’s Veterinary Services Programme 2020/21 https://www.sruc.ac.uk/media/plqfemyz/the-scottish-governments-veterinary-services-programme-2020-21.pdf