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Epitheliogenesis imperfecta lingua bovis
Introduction
- Cause: inherited autosomal recessive trait.
- Signs: hypersalivation, poor coat, small soft horns, soft feces to diarrhea and failure to thrive.
- Diagnosis: provisional diagnosis can be made based on the history and clinical presentation.
- Treatment: no treatment.
- Prognosis: poor.
Presenting signs
- Affected calves may present with the following:
- Hypersalivation Hypersalivation.
- Eczema may develop due to saliva and feed accumulation on the muzzle.
- Failure to thrive.
- Soft to diarrhea type feces.
- The affected calf’s head and muzzle often appear narrow.
- Small soft horns.
- Poor coat: often a velvety appearance particularly over the flank.
Geographic incidence
- The condition has been reported in cattle in the Netherlands and USA.
Age predisposition
- Neonatal calves.
Gender predisposition
- Both genders are affected.
Breed/Species predisposition
- Holstein Holstein.
- Friesian Friesian.
- Swiss Brown Swiss Brown.
Cost considerations
- Culling of affected and carrier animals (if the producers desire to eliminate trait from herd).
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- The condition is thought to be an inherited autosomal recessive trait.
Predisposing factors
Specific
- Dam and sire are carrier (heterozygous) animals of the condition.
Pathophysiology
- It is thought that this condition is caused by a generally lower mitotic rate in tongue epithelium, interfering with the formation of primary dermal papillae.
Timecourse
- Present at birth.
Epidemiology
- Previous studies have investigated the penetrance of the condition within affected herds.
- Due to the condition being an inherited autosomal recessive trait, it has been demonstrated to occur in 1:3 distribution in the F2 generation.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed Papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Dalir‐Naghadeh B, Seifi H A & Farshid A A (2004) Congenital bovine epitheliogenesis imperfecta: a report of three cases from Iran. J Vet Med 51 (9‐10), 409-412 PubMed.
- Huston K, Leipold W H & MacFadden D L (1968) Smooth tongue in Brown Swiss cattle. J Heredity 59 (1), 65-67 PubMed.
- Gilmore L O (1949) Inherited non-lethal anatomical characters in cattle: A review. J Dairy Sci 33, 147-165 SciDirect (pdf download).
- de Groot T (1943) The heredity of smooth tongue, with special reference to cattle. Genetica 23 (1), 221-246.
Other sources of information
- Radostits O M, Gay C C, Blood D C & Hinchliff K W (2006) Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 7th edn. Saunders, China.
- Weisman-Hamerman Z M (1970) Some Aspects of the Hereditary Defect Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta Linguae bovis (smooth-tongue). Studies on Differentiation and Keratinization in Tongue Epithelium. Proefschrift Vet Fak Rijksuniv, Netherlands. pp 1-135.