bovis - Articles
Enterotomy
Introduction
- Enterotomy is a basic technique of intestinal surgery used to access the lumen of the intestine.
- This description is for the standing, sedated bovine via flank laparotomy.
- If full anesthesia and surgical facilities are available then dorsal recumbency may improve access to abdominal viscera but carries associated risks of anesthesia, bloat, wound breakdown, etc.
Uses
- Removal of foreign bodies.
- Removal of gas, fluid and ingesta.
Advantages
- A number of enterotomy techniques are available, minimal consumables, technically easy.
Disadvantages
- Abdominal contamination, stricture at the site of enterotomy, dehiscence.
Technical problems
- Friable/inflamed tissue.
- Poor closure.
- Difficulties maintaining sterility in the farm environment.
Time required
Preparation
- Preparation/sedation: 20 min.
- Aseptic preparation: 10 min.
- Abdominal exploration and exteriorization of site to perform enterotomy: 10-20 min.
Procedure
- Incision: 1 min.
- If evacuation of intestinal contents is necessary: 10-45 min.
- Closure 5-10 min.
Decision taking
Criteria for choosing test
- Assessment of clinical signs.
- Presence of likely abdominal event.
- Decision often a subjective assessment of the patient and experience of the veterinary surgeon.
- Prognosis and value of animal may play a deciding role.
Risk assessment
- Tissue health and viability.
- Ability to exteriorize and isolate the segment to minimize abdominal contamination.
Requirements
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Preparation
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Technique
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Aftercare
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed Papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Anderson D E (2008) Surgical diseases of the small intestine. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (2), 383-401 PubMed.
- Edmundson M A (2008) Local and regional anesthesia in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (2), 211-226 PubMed.
- Meylan M (2008) Surgery of the bovine large intestine. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (3), 479-496 PubMed.
- Niehauss A J (2008) Rumentomy. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (2), 341-347 PubMed.
- Niehaus A J (2008) Surgery of the abomasum. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24 (2), 349-358 PubMed.
Other sources of information
- Wood P & Smith R (online) Flank Laparotomy. In: Vetlexicon Bovis. Vetstream Ltd, UK. Website: www.vetlexicon.com.
- Hendrickson D A & Baird A N (2013) Flank Laparotomy and Abdominal Exploration. In: Turner and McIlwraith’s Techniques in Large Animal Surgery. Wiley Blackwell, USA. pp 212-215.
- Scott P, Penny C D & Macrae A I (2011) Diseases of the Digestive Tract and Abdomen. In: Cattle Medicine. Manson Publishing, UK. pp 59-93.
- Fubini S L & Ducharme N G (2004) Farm Animal Surgery. Eds: Fathman E M. Saunders, USA. pp 184-281.
- Noakes D E, Parkinson T J & England G C W (2001) The Caesarean Operation. In: Arthur’s Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. Eds: Bureau S. Saunders, USA. pp 341-363.