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Clostridium tetani

ISSN 2398-2993

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Synonym(s): Tetanus, lock jaw

Introduction

Classification

Taxonomy

  • Kingdom: bacteria.
  • Phylum: firmicutes.
  • Class: clostridia.
  • Order: clostridiales.
  • Family: clostridiaceae.
  • Genus: clostridium.
  • Species: C. tetani.

Etymology

  • Gk: Clostridium: klōstēr - a spindle. L:tétanos- muscle spasm/stretch.

Distribution

  • Worldwide distribution.
  • Found in soil (particularly cultivated soil) and intestinal tracts.
  • Can be transiently found in feces.

Significance

  • Exotoxin responsible for tetanus Tetanus.
  • All mammals are susceptible. Cats, dogs and birds are relatively resistant, horses and humans are highly susceptible, cattle and pigs moderately susceptible.
  • Incubation period is 10-14 days.

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Resting Forms

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Clinical Effects

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Diagnosis

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Further Reading

Publications

Refereed Papers

  • Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
  • Driemeier D, Schild A L, Fernandes J C T, Colodel E M, Corrêa A M R & Cruz C E F & Barros C S L (2007) Outbreaks of Tetanus in Beef Cattle and Sheep in Brazil Associated with Disophenol Injection. J Vet Med Series A 54, 333–335 PubMed.
  • Benavides E, Ortiz D & Benavides J (2000) Association of botulism and tetanus as causative agents of an outbreak of bovine paraplegic mortality in the eastern plains of Colombia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 916, 646649 PubMed.
  • Thompson R W (1997) Idiopathic tetanus in fattening cattle. Vet Rec 140, 435436 PubMed.
  • Whitehead J G M & D H Ellicott (1996) Idiopathic tetanus. Vet Rec 138, 651.
  • Preece D L & Bostelmann R W (1996) Idiopathic tetanus. Vet Rec 139, 48 PubMed.
  • Chapleo D E (1991) Outbreak of tetanus. Vet Rec 129, 40.
  • Gray D, M J Allen & G G Matthews (1991) Outbreak of tetanus. Vet Rec 129, 79 PubMed.
  • Whitaker D A (1991) Outbreak of tetanus. Vet Rec 129, 5960.

Other sources of information

  • Biberstein E L (1990) The Clostridia. In:Review of Veterinary Microbiology. Eds: E L Biberstein & Y C Zee. Blackwell Scientific, USA. pp. 306-309.