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Bloat: trocar placement
Synonym(s): trochar, trocharisation
Introduction
- Trocarization is a procedure whereby a trocar and cannula are inserted through the abdominal wall and into the rumen.
Uses
- Trocarization may be indicated in the following situation:
- Emergency treatment of ruminal tympany (gaseous or froth distension) Ruminal bloat.
- Treatment of chronic ruminal tympany (gaseous distension) Ruminal bloat.
Advantages
- Straight-forward technique to carry out.
- Rapid procedure that may save the animal’s life in emergency situations.
- Successful surgery results in the animal remaining in the herd.
Disadvantages
- Severe ruminal distension may result in inappropriate placement of the trocar and therefore cannula.
- Inappropriate placement can result in ingesta contaminating the abdomen and subsequent development of peritonitis.
Technical problems
- Poor technique may result in severe gross contamination of the abdomen with ruminal content that would result in peritonitis.
- The cannula may become obstructed with ingesta.
Alternative techniques
- In an emergency situation, without a trocar/cannula then a surgical incision may be made using a scalpel blade or a guarded knife. However, in a true emergency then any knife will do!
Time required
Preparation
- Minimal in emergency situations.
- Moderate to severe cases of ruminal tympany- 2 to 5 minutes (trocar placement site preparation).
Procedure
- Emergency situation- seconds.
- Moderate to severe cases of ruminal tympany- several minutes.
Requirements
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Preparation
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Technique
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Aftercare
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
Other sources of information
- Anderson D E & Rings M (2008) Current Veterinary Therapy: Food Animal Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Divers T J & Peek S (2007) Rebhun's Diseases of Dairy Cattle. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Fubini S L & Ducharme N (2004) Farm Animal Surgery. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- McAllister T A, McCartney D, Stanford K & Cheng K J (2003) Bloat in Cattle. Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Information Packaging Centre.