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Bacillary hemoglobinuria
Synonym(s): clostridial diseases, clostridium hemolyticum, haemolyticum novyi type D
Introduction
- Cause: Clostridia novyi type D.
- Signs: acute death, rumen stasis, depression, reduced defecation, abdominal discomfort, passage of dark red urine, anemia, icterus.
- Diagnosis: clinical and post mortem findings consistent with disease. Fluorescent antibody test on affected tissue.
- Treatment: 25,000-40,000 IU procaine penicillin per kg body weight has been advocated. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and blood transfusions in some cases.
- Prognosis: poor.
Public health considerations
- None.
Pathogenesis
Etiology
- Bacilliary hemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridia novyi type D Clostridium spp.
Predisposing factors
General
- Cattle grazed on marsh or wet areas.
- Spores may survive within hay and cause disease when fed to animals later in the season.
Specific
- Migrating liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) Fasciola hepatica, activating fungal spores.
- Migrating liver fluke, activate quiescent spores within the liver parenchyma.
- This leads to rapid spore multiplication and the mass release of toxin. This results in pronounced tissue damage and toxemia.
Timecourse
- Hours.
Epidemiology
- Occurs worldwide.
- Mostly commonly occurs in grazed livestock of any age.
- Normally sporadic in nature.
Diagnosis
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Treatment
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Prevention
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Outcomes
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Further Reading
Publications
Refereed Papers
- Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
- Mueller K (2015) Clostridial diseases in cattle and sheep. Cattle practice 23 (1), 127-131 VetMedResource.
- Otter A & Davies I (2015) Disease features and diagnostic sampling of cattle and sheep post mortem examinations. In Pract 37, 293-305.
- Harwood D G (2007) Clostridial disease in cattle: part 2. UK Vet 12 (2), 21-24.